![]() Scholars posit that conceptual approaches, i.e., theories, models, and/or frameworks (TMFs), should inform the implementation and evaluation of evidence-based practices and programs. Qualitative analysts can also use them to explore interactions between i-PARIHS constructs, maximize the potential for comparing findings across studies, and support the refinement of the i-PARIHS framework using empirical findings from multiple studies. The standardized codes and definitions in the codebook can facilitate data exploration, pattern identification, and insight development informed by the i-PARIHS framework. The resulting i-PARIHS-informed codebook includes definitions for the four main constructs of the framework: Innovation, Recipients, Context, and Facilitation subcodes and definitions for characteristics of each of these constructs and instructions for the suggested application of individual codes and use of the codebook generally. Finally, two studies piloted the application of the codebook which informed the final version. In phase 3, they obtained feedback from i-PARIHS developers/experts and incorporated it into the codebook. In phase 2, they obtained feedback from an expert panel and further refined subcodes and definitions. In phase 1, workgroup members reviewed and discussed literature, consulted an organizational scientist, and drafted and refined subcodes and definitions for i-PARIHS constructs. MethodsĪ workgroup of qualitative researchers conducted a rigorous four-phase process to develop a codebook informed by i-PARIHS. This paper describes a rigorous process of developing a detailed qualitative codebook informed by the i-PARIHS framework. The lack of a standardized codebook hinders our ability to synthesize research findings across studies, explore and test the range of activities that are utilized in facilitation efforts, and potentially validate and further refine i-PARIHS. Additionally, sub-constructs for the Innovation, Recipients, and Context constructs lack definitions, and there is no sub-classification of facilitation activities for the Facilitation construct. Codebooks with clear and meaningful code labels and definitions are an important component of qualitative data analysis and have been developed for other widely used frameworks. Although i-PARIHS developers have focused on creating tools to guide facilitators in its application in practice, tools are also needed for evaluation and research. ![]() ![]() A team-based approach can facilitate the development of a practical and accurate codebook to guide the analysis of a large amount of qualitative data.The Integrated-Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (i-PARIHS) framework and its predecessor, PARIHS, have been widely utilized in implementation studies. As new codes are identified and agreed upon by the team, they will be added to the codebook. Periodic meetings are planned to discuss the individual analysis and to resolve any issue associated with using the codebook. The final version of the codebook will be used to guide each team member's individual analysis of the remaining (74) transcripts, which will be divided among the team. No new code was identified during the reanalysis, and there was fairly uniform agreement on the coding. The team met to discuss individual coding and reached a consensus on the final version of the codebook. The codes were verified by each team member through reanalysis of a set of shared transcripts that had been previously coded using an earlier version of the codebook. The team ultimately created a comprehensive codebook that contained 27 codes with definitions, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and example text. The Qualitative Solutions and Research International NVivo software program was used to maintain an electronic database of the consensus analysis of transcripts, information about each code, and a detailed log about the process of developing the codebook. The codebook structure was developed iteratively by reaching a consensus on the analysis of shared transcripts to create an all-encompassing set of codes, with definitions, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and exemplar text from the transcripts. ![]() This article describes a team-based approach to the development of a comprehensive codebook for multiple researchers to use during content analysis of the transcripts of the expressive writings of women (in this study, N = 89) with metastatic breast cancer. ![]()
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